The
Department of Education (ED) and the Obama Administration kicked off 2009 with
a goal to get America on track and to return to being number one in the world
in high school and college graduation rates, school readiness and overall
academic achievement.The American
Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) and the profound impact of the President’s
commitment and personal example were the bookends for this unparalleled effort
to significantly improve our country’s education system. The year 2009 will likely be remembered as a
breakthrough year for education reform and a guidepost for what is to come.
THE American Recovery and Reinvestment Act
The Recovery
Act included $98.2 billion in appropriations for the Department of Education,
which is more than one and a half times
the Department’s entire appropriation for the previous year.In less than a year, the Department already has
awarded $69.1 billion, 70% of its total ARRA appropriation, while providing
guidance and oversight to ensure that the funds are spent effectively and
efficiently.The Department expedited
the release of nearly $15 billion of these funds to provide emergency relief to
states facing severe budget shortfalls.To date, ARRA funding has saved or created more than 300,000 education jobs, keeping
teachers in classrooms and stabilizing the public education system in a time of
crisis.
The first
Recovery Act funds released were supplements to ED’s large existing formula
grant programs.These supplements
include Title I, Special Education, and Vocational Rehabilitation and were
released in two installments -- 50 percent on April 1, 2009 and 50 percent on
September 1, 2009.This bifurcated
release assured that states and districts could meet immediate needs, while
giving the Department time to complete guidance on the new reporting
requirements related to these funds.In
total, these programs made available approximately $23.5 billion in
supplemental support to the states in 2009.
ARRA also
provided supplemental funding for Pell Grants and the Federal Work Study
program.During the spring of 2009, $8.5
billion in additional Pell funding and $200 million in Federal Work Study funds
were awarded, helping families struggling to finance a college education during
challenging economic times.
The largest category
of funding was awarded through the State Fiscal Stabilization Fund (SFSF),
which was also made available in two installments.The Department worked closely with OMB to
devise a Phase One application that provided important parameters, such as
Maintenance of Effort (MOE), while minimizing the burden on states. The Phase One award, typically representative
of 2/3 of the total SFSF funding a state is eligible for, was made on April 18th.Most of the Phase One funding was obligated
in May, June, and July. By the end of the year, all states, plus Puerto Rico
and the District of Columbia, received SFSF Phase One funding totaling $36.8
billion.
Over the
course of the summer, it became clear that States’ financial situations were
even more severe than originally understood, and a number of steps were taken
to accelerate the awarding of ED ARRA funding.First, the Department decided to increase the Phase One Government
Services award from 67% to 100%, allowing States maximum access to this
flexible funding source.The Department
also advanced the timing of the second 50% of Title I, IDEA, and Vocational
Rehabilitation awards from September 30th to September 1st, given schools full
use of these funding sources for the entire school year.
Whereas Phase
One SFSF funding focused on distributing funds as quickly and effectively as
possible to help states avoid local budgetary catastrophes, Phase Two
applications will focus on creating unprecedented levels of transparency on
where states stand with regard to reforms.The Department published Phase Two applications on November 9th,
and states filed their applications on January 11th, 2010. On the applications,
the states provided a significant level of data on four key areas of school
reform: (1) implementing rigorous college- and career-ready standards and
assessments; (2) improving the collection and use of data; (3) improving
teacher effectiveness; and (4) supporting struggling schools.For example, the application requires states
to provide data on how teachers and principals are evaluated and how this
information is used to support, retain, promote, or remove staff.It will also ask for the number and identity
of the schools that are Title I schools in improvement, corrective action, or
restructuring that are identified as persistently lowest-achieving schools. This data, once collected by the Department,
will be made available to the public and provide an unprecedented level of
transparency regarding where our nation’s schools stand in critical areas of
reform.
Communication, Outreach, and Technical
Assistance
In addition
to getting ARRA funds out the door quickly, the Department has also worked hard
to ensure that states, districts, and other recipients use the funds as
efficiently and effectively as possible.The Department published detailed guidance to ensure that recipients
were aware of these various requirements.ED also conducted significant outreach with state and local government and education and community organizationsto ensure that recipients and other stakeholders had the information
they needed.This outreach included:
Briefings with Governors, Mayors, Chief State
School Officers, the Council of the Great City Schools, plus an address to
the U.S. Conference of Mayors Forum on Education;
Two conference calls with state political and
education leadership and two conference calls with mayors and local school
leadership, reaching a total of 721 participants;
Three major Recovery Act e-mail bulletins
directed to the Department’s targeted listserv community of 2,290
stakeholders; and
An
interactive briefing session for education and community groups at ED
headquarters, with a webcast of the event available to the public.
The
Department supplemented its guidance with technical assistance, developing a
series of bi-weekly webinars for grantees to address issues of consistent
concern.Topics have included Fraud
Prevention, Cash Management Requirements, Maintenance of Effort Requirements,
Recipient Reporting, Strategic Planning across Funds, and Direct/Indirect Cost
Allocation. The Department also gave
individualized assistance to states when needed.For example, we provided customized technical assistance for six states, based on factors
including total financial exposure and historical audit findings.In these states, our fiscal and program
experts worked together to provide assistance that addressed the specific
implementation issues facing each state. (Read more at Ed. Gov)